Ochre quarries at Roussillon en Provence, France Stock Photo Alamy Old European culture: Ore Chinese and Kenyan researchers find Stone Age production line for Ethno Design very Decorative Ancient Red Stone Village Millstone For 17,000+ Yellow Ochre Quarries Stock Photos, Pictures & Royalty Free. ISBN: 978 83 89499 90 5Description: hardback, 467 pp. (30x21cm), phots., ills. Condition: very goodWeight: 1570g. Romuald Schild, Halina Krolik, Andrzej Jacek Tomaszewski, Elzbieta Ciepielewska, Rydno, A Stone Age Red Ochre Quarry and Socioeconomic Center, A Century of Research, IAE, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 2011Since the advent of anthropological investigation, it has been evident that red ochre had many important uses during prehistoric times. Red Ochre was certainly the most important commodity in the Stone Age. In the recent world of small societies, as in prehistory, sources of red ochre are less prevalent than those of siliceous materials are. Therefore, their value and social significance outweighed that of flint. This can be seen in the enormous Rydno agglomeration of settlements that have no parallel in the Stone Age camps that rarely accompany flint quarriesOverall campsite density in the Rydno Complex is on a scale unmatched by any other areas of prehistoric settlement in the world. By way of barter, but also by traveling to the quarry area, the Final Paleolithic and Mesolithic world of Central and Northern Europe procured and distributed the red ochre hematite gravel and clay. The Rydno Center emerged as a place where human groups either extracted the hematite and clay by themselves or procured it from other groups controlling the source. Many of the groups camped in the area longer than the necessary time for the acquisition of the desired product, often combining red ochre procurement with intensive processing of flint brought in from the neighboring chocolate flint quarries. Organized and probably long lived villages at Rydno are one of the factors implying that at certain times social groups composed of several households controlled the quarry and received compensation for a permit to access the mine. At other times, right of entry to the complex may have been relatively easy. Intense occupation of the Rydno area, the presence of a large array of raw materials, including exotic ones, in the remains of the camps, as well as the discrete sociotopographic locations of different social and or ethnic groups, give rise to the proposition that Rydno was also an important meeting ground for hunter gatherer bands, temporarily aggregating for joint social ceremonies and trade. Even to a non specialist in prehistoric archaeology, a very close analogy between Australia's Parachilna, as well as other similar recent ochre sites of Australia or the Americas, and Rydno is evident. These similarities are governed by the universal socioeconomic rules of hunter gatherer and forager societies resulting from their place in the ecological and social environment. The Rydno of our forefathers, with its changing histories of ownership and systems of access to the quarry, meeting grounds, places of group aggregation and distant expeditions is an ancient telescopic synthesis of nearly all recent red ochre sites and their socioeconomic environments. PrefaceAcknowledgements1. Introduction2. A Brief HistoryLudwik and Irena SawickiStefan KrukowskiThe Salvage Excavations3. GeomorphologyIntroductionStratigraphic Setting of the SitesAge of the IIId Kamienna Terrace4. Czerwienica (Red Place), the Rydno Quarry (by Romuald Schild and Halina Krlik)IntroductionStratigraphyElements of the Mine5. Elements of the Topographic Differentiation of CampsitesIntroductionRydno Quarry's Environs: The Red colored Area and Nad Niwk (At the Little Field)The Terrace Edge Nad Piask (On the Piaska Brook) or Nad Mostowin (At the Footbridge) and Na Osach (At the Aspen Woods)Pastwisko (The Pasture)Przy Torze (Near the Railway Track)U Wygonu (At the Common Pastureland)Sandro (the Outwash Fan)The SaharaZa Rzek (Across the River)Michaw Piaska6. Elements of Raw Material Economy DifferentiationIntroductionRaw Materia Structure of Rydno Assemblages7. Approaches to the Taxonomy of Flint AssemblagesThe Method of Presentation, Typology, and Technological Structure of InventoriesRaw MaterialsCaches of Precores and Cores8. Non Siliceous Materials of Rydno9. Radiocarbon Assays10. Settling of RydnoThe Mystery of the Oldest Visitors to the Rydno QuarryLate Magdalenian Assemblages with Arch Backed PiecesThe Arch Backed Piece Technocomplex, Last Interstadial Controllers of RydnTanged Point TechnocomplexEarly Mesolithic, the NarvianThe DesnanLate Mesolithic, the VistulianThe Neolithic and Later Periods11. Rydno, a Prehistoric Ochre Site and Social Aggregation Center, or a Frame of Reference of Two Behaviorists. A Synthesis (by RomuaId Schild and Halina Krlik)Various Uses of Red OchreThe Arch Backed Piece Technocomplex and Socioeconomic Organization of Life in RydnoThe Masovian and Socioeconomic Organization of Life in RydnoThe Sociotopographic Setting of the Rydno Settlement through TimeDoes Rydno Mirror the Red Ochre Mines and Centers of the Recent Past? AppendixPhysical and Chemical Examination of Hematite Gravel from Rydno Quarry and the Final Paleolithic Campsites of Caowanie (by Zdzisaw Hensel)ReferencesThe Catalog of Archaeological Sites of the Rydno Complex Collected and Excavated around 1910, and in the 1923 2004 Field SeasonsIndex